Loudspeaker structure and composition materials.

The loudspeaker is generally composed of dust cover, voice basin, voice coil, vibration plate, basin frame, terminal, upper and lower magnetic pole plate, magnetic steel.

1. Voice basin

Sound basin is the use of sound basin (diaphragm) vibration to promote air vibration to achieve sound playback. Therefore, the material of the sound basin determines the personality of the speaker

1) Materials and characteristics commonly used in bass basins

Composite paper basin: light weight, high strength, mostly used for bass, but also used to restore human voice.

PP basin: synthetic plastic, waterproof, a wide range of application, but the performance is not the best, low price, belongs to the low and middle block products Metal basin: high strength, large weight, low sensitivity, better performance for disco.

Silk linen: used for weaving POTS, the best sound performance. It is a high-grade product.

2) Materials and characteristics of treble diaphragm

Organic film: generally used for coaxial loudspeaker treble, it can withstand the power is small, easy to be burned.

Metal film: high and clear, and even better than silk film at high power.

Silk film: Best sound quality, especially at low power.

2. Basin rack

The material types and characteristics of the basin stand are as follows:

1) Iron sheet: lower price.

2) Die casting: not easy to deform.

3) Synthetic material: light weight and should not be deformed.

3. Voice coil rack

Mostly aluminum. Because the voice coil frame needs to consider heat dissipation (the voice coil work is to generate heat), the aluminum sheet has good heat dissipation, light weight, and no deformation. Paper ones are also available, but they've been phased out. Now there is also a KLSV epoxy resin board, has a better performance.

4. Magnets

1) Ferrite: the traditional most commonly used, if there are no other restrictions, it is best to use ferrite. It is characterized by large volume and low price. 

2) Neodymium magnetic: that is, brown NdFeb, also known as space magnetic, its magnetism is 7 times that of ferrite. The common "small butt" speaker is neodymium magnetic. Its disadvantages are: unstable, easy to be degaussed, so it can not replace ferrite.

3) strontium magnetic: it is characterized by high efficiency, but its volume is not large, so it is only used on tweeters.

5. Pieces

The support plate, also known as spring plate and elastic wave, is the support of the vibration of the speaker. There are two main materials of the centering support plate: cotton fabric: the advantages are good stability, low temperature and sound, low price, poor compliance.

Polyimide fiber: the advantages are good rigidity, strong tear resistance, good moisture resistance, very little temperature impact, no deformation, widely used in car speakers, the disadvantage is that the price is more expensive.

6. Fold the ring

The folding ring is the connection part between the basin and the basin stand, which is used to support the vibration system of the basin, and to provide compliance restoring force and damping effect.

1) Paper fold ring: the advantage is high sensitivity, easy to make, low price. The disadvantage is that it can not meet the requirements of high performance audio. 2) Plastic foam fold ring: a little light and soft, good compliance, low frequency. The disadvantage is that it requires high ambient temperature and is easier to age.

3) Cloth fold ring: the advantages are good low frequency characteristics, strong damping, small distortion, large power, long life. The disadvantage is the high price. 4) Rubber ring: a little soft and toughness, strong compliance resilience, low distortion, durable, widely used in a variety of low-frequency loudspeakers. The disadvantage is heavy weight.

5) Rubber and plastic folding ring: combined with the advantages of plastic foam folding ring and rubber folding ring, light weight and soft, good damping, small distortion, good compliance. The disadvantage is that bonding is more difficult. 7, the main function of the dust cap is to prevent dust and debris from entering the magnetic gap. Commonly used materials are paper, cloth, aluminum, plastic and carbon fiber fabrics. A common shape is hemispherical.